Hammer for crushing machinery



imv 9, 1940. "J, E. sflNE' y 2,186,047

l ,I HAMMER FOR'CRUSHIN MACHINERY opiginlmled may 1e, 19:55 q

Patented Jan. 9, 1940 PATENT OFFICE 2,186,047 HAMMER FOR CRUSHING MACHINERY James E. Stine, Aldan Park, Pa., assignor to Pennsylvania Crusher Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 1s, 1935, serial No. 21,374 Renewed September 1, 1938 My invention relates to hammers employed in crushing mills and similar machinery, and comprises more particularly a novel combination of hammer shank and removable tip and means for detachably securing the same together.

Various hammers of the removable tip type have been proposed in which the tip-the portion vof thev hammer receiving the greatest amount of wear--is replaceable. Such replaceable tips. may

be and frequently are composed of a metal differing from the metal of the shanks. One difficulty with the usual type of replaceable tip hammers, however, has been that the connecting means and the shape of the parts have not been such that 15 the tip may be readily attached to the shank and detached therefrom after it ha's been worn out; the -battering to which such tip is subjected tending to rivet it in place. Additionally, such hammershave been frequently unsatisfactory, inasy much as the stress imposed upon the tip-has not been carried properly to and through the shank structure and, Vas a result, the shank has broken-usually at the eye portion. I have heretofore proposed one type of hammer structure, having in view a development that would serve to avoid these diiiculties, or at least some of them, and reference is made lto my application for patent illed April 12, 1934, Serial No. 720,269. My present improvements comprise a further extension of the improvements embodied in the type of hammer illustrated in the application referred to, in which certain features of such struc- ,ture have been retained, but in which a much simpler type ofhammer shank and tip has been provided, my present improved structure possessing a number of special advantages, including ease of assembly and disassembly.

The main object of my present invention is to provide a hammer structure of economical design having a removable tip which may be rreadily associated and dissociated from the hammer shank. y A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of hammer structure with a detachable tip for the shank portion thereof, the parts being so arranged and positioned that the forces Y applied against the' impact face of the tip may be properly carried through the tip and through the shank and distributed'in such a manner that they are spread comparatively evenly throughout the shank.

A further object of my invention is the provi,- 55 sionof simple and emcient means 0f, DQVel chai-- acter for detachably retaining the hammer shank and tip in connected relation.

'I'hese and other objects of my invention are more fully described hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, more or less diagrammatic in character, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one type of removable tip hammer, showing also fastening means for the tip, within the scope of my invention.

Fig. 2 is aview similar to Fig. 1', showing the removable tip and-the retaining pin in crosssection on the line II-II, Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is an edge view of the structure, looking in the direction of the arrow a, Fig. 1.

Fig. i is a fragmentary View, illustrating a modified form of removable tip hammer within the scope of my invention, and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line V--V, Fig. 4.

In A*the embodiment of my invention, shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the hammer structure illustrated comprises an elongated shank I0, having adjacent one end thereof an eye II whereby it may be mounted upon a rod of the usual rotor structure of a hammer mill (not shown). The eye end of the shank may be slightly greater in supercial area than the width of the main body of the shank.

At or adjacent to the opposite end of the shank, I provide a laterally disposed boss or extension I2, rounded at IZa, and provided with a rentrant curved portion |21a which meets the edge IIIab of theend portion of the shank beyond such boss aligned with the edge of the main portion of the same. A portion of the opposite edge of the shank is cut away diagonally, as indicated at I 0b, meeting a surface IIIc parallel with the longitudinal axis of'such shank. 'I'his cutting away of the shank slightly reduces the end of the same for a purpose hereinafter described. I

The renewable tip shown in Figs 1, 2, and 3 may comprisea substantially cap-shaped member having an impact portion I 5; side walls I6 which embrace the end of the shank; and a rear cross-wall I1 connecting said side walls opposite the impact portion I5. The walls I6 are apertured at I 6a for the passage of a retaining pin or bolt I8, whereby such tip may be connected to the shank; the latter being apertured at I9 for the passage of said bolt. This may be a tight iit, or a relatively loose iit, as conditions may require. The cross-wall I1, provided at the rear of the tip, has a curved upper edge I1'i which seats against the rentrant curved surface I 2b o-f the boss I2 at the rear edge oi the shank, the latter providing an abutment for the rear wall I'I of the tip. The inner surface of the forward or impact portion I5 of the tip corresponds to the edge surface of the end of the shank, including the face I5 which engages the 5 edge of the main portion of the shank, the diagonal surface I5b which engages the diagonal edge Il)h of the shank, and the short, straight wall portion I5 which engages the edge surface I0 at the end of the shank.

The shank and tip are retained in connected relation by the retaining pin or bolt I8, which may have a rivet type head I8 seated in a countersunk recess ISD, formed in one of the side walls of the tip and lying flush with the surface 0f the latter. In order that the pin I8 may be locked in place, the end opposite the head is drilled through, as indicated at lab, and such opening receives a loose pin 25 whose length is slightly less than the diameter of the pin. One

'wall of the tip is provided with a recess 26 opening into the apertured portion Iiia thereof, and the inner wall of this recess is opposite the inner wall of the aperture I8b of the retainingA pin I8, so that, when said pin has been entered through the 26 registering apertures in the walls of the tip and shank, the key'pin 25 is free to move in the pin I8 and a portion may enter the recess 26 formed in the wall of the tip. In such position, that portion of the key pin which enters such recess 30 may be flattened or spread laterally by a bluntnosed tool to an extent suflicient to approximately lill said recess, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4; the spreading of such end of the pin providing a head 25 which prevents displacement under working $5 conditions.

This manner of locking the retaining pin or bolt I8 in place keeps all parts of the retaining means holding tip and shank together Within the boundaries of the tip, and avoids all danger of 40 displacement of such parts by contact with material undergoing crushing. When it is desired to dismantle the hammer structure for the purpose of applying a new tip, the enlarged'end 2li` of the locking key or pin 25 may be cutaway by .a cape 4B chisel, and when this is done, the remainder of the locking key or pin may be displaced into the aperture I8b or the tip-retaining pin or bolt I8. The latter may then be driven out of the tip and shank when the latter is positioned to receive a 50 new tip, which may be secured in place on the end of the shank in the manner already described.

In operation, the` inner faces of the forward portion of the tip bear against the corresponding faces at the edge of the shank so that the impact 55 of the tip against the material in the crusher is transmitted to the shank not only at its lowermost end, but also at a point remote from such end by reason of the engagement of the rear wall II of the tip with the abutment I2 of the shank,

50 and the stress of such impact is properly distributed throughout the shank.

I do not wish to be limited to the precise `form of tip shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, and it will be understood that other types of tips fitting over the 65 end of the shank may be employed having modified forms of impact portions. In lieu of dis- Posing the recess 26 toward the side of tips of the type indicated in Fig. 1, it may be otherwise po" sitioned without departing from my invention,

70 especiauy if the shape of the tip is so modmed as to increase its mass or to provide another form of impact face. One such arrangement wherein the position of a recess having the function of that indicated at 26 has been changed, is illustratedin Fig. 4.

The securing means for the retaining pin illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 may be employed with other types of removable tip hammers, and in Figs. 4 and 5, I have illustrated another type of tip, indicated at 30, having a recessed portion 3I vIS to receive the end of a shank 32; the walls of such recessed portion and the shank having registering apertures for the reception of an apertured retaining pin 33. 'I'his retaining pin may be held in place by a locking pin or key 34 of a 10 type exactly similar to and employed in the same manner as that illustrated at 25 in Figs. 1 and 2, such locking pin tting a cross-aperture 33" in the retaining pin and being movable into a flaring recess 3l! communicating with the aperture re- 15 ceiving such retaining pin. The portion of the locking pin 3l entering the recess 3|)EL may be attened to form a head, like the pin illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

The tip shown in `Figs. 4 and 5 has a recess 35 20 at its impact end, such form providing two striking or impact surfaces, as the head is reversible when one side or impact face is worn. This form of tip may be modified by providing a deeper recess of the character illustrated in Fig. 25 4, or by removing a portion of the end of the tip diagonally thereof to change the shape of the impact portion, without departing from my invention.

Various modifications may be made in the fore- 30 going embodiment of my invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the same as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. The combination with a relatively narrow hammer shank, of a detachable tip recessed to l receive the end of the same; said shank and tip having registering apertures, a retaining pin having a length not greater than the thickness of the tip passing through said apertures; one wall 40 `0f the tip having a flaring recess in communication with its aperture and said retaining pin having a through opening adapted to register with said recess, and a key pin having a length not greater than the diameter of the retaining pin adapted to be received in said through opening and extend into the iiaring recess; said key pin having one end enlarged for retention by the walls of said recess.

2. The combination with a hammer shank, of a detachable tip embracing the end of the same; said shank and tip having registering apertures,

a retaining pin having a length not greater than the thickness of the tip passing through said apertures; one wall of the tip having a haring recess in communication with its aperture and said retaining pin having a. through opening adapted to register with said recess, and a key pin having a. length not greater than the diameter of the retaining pin adapted to be received in said through 50 opening and extend into the flaring recess; said key pin having one end enlarged to form a head substantially filling said recess.

3. The combination of parts to be connected having registering apertures for the reception of 85 connecting means, a headed retaining pin having an overall length not greater than the combined thickness of the parts at their point of connection and iitting said registering apertures; the outer wall of one of the connected parts having a recess flanking its aperture and said retaining .pin having a through opening substantially at right angles to its longitudinal aids adapted to register with said flanking recess, and a key pin having a length not greater than the diameter of the retaining pin arranged in the through opening thereof and extending into the flanking recess of the connected part; said key pin having an enlarged end for retention by the walls of said recess.

4. The combination of a hammer shank, a detachable tip for connection with and embracing an end of said shank; said shank and tip having vregistering apertures, a retaining pin having an enlarged end for retention by the walls o! said recess.

5. The combination of a hammer shank, a detachable tip recessed to receive an end of said shank; said shank and tip having registering apertures, a retaining pin having an overall length not greater than the combined thickness of the shank and tip at their point of connection and tting said registering apertures; said retaining pin having a head and the tip having a recess anking its aperture and said retaining pin having a through opening at right angles to its longitudinal axis adapted to register with said anking recess, and a key pin having a length not greater than the diameter of the retaining pin arranged in the through opening thereof and extending into the flanking recess of the tip: said key pin having an enlarged end' for retention by the walls of said recess.

JAMES E. S'INE. 20 

